INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION

GOST 32945—2014

AUTOMOBILE ROADS OF GENERAL USE
Technical requirements for road signs

INTERSTATE STANDARD

Moscow
Standartinform
2016

Foreword

1 DEVELOPED by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Russian Road Research Institute" (FGUP "RosdorNII"), limited liability company "Nauka-Service" (OOO "Nauka-Service") of the Russian Federation, Republican Unitary Enterprise "Belarusian Road Scientific Research Institute" (RUE "BelKNII") of the Republic of Belarus

2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TK 418 "Road Economy"

3 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Protocol dated December 5, 2014, No. 73-P)

The following states voted for the adoption of the standard:

4 By Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated March 31, 2015, No. 206-st, the interstate standard GOST 32945-2014 was put into effect as a national standard of the Russian Federation from November 1, 2015.

5 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

Rules for the application of this standard are established in GOST 1.0-2015 "Interstate standardization system. Basic provisions" and GOST 1.2-2015 "Interstate standardization system. Standards for interstate, national, and preliminary standards. Rules for development, adoption, updating, and cancellation".

Information about changes to this standard is published in the annual information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments is published in the monthly information index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, corresponding notification will be published in the monthly information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification, and texts are also posted in the public information system – on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet (www.gost.ru).

Contents

1 Area of application 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and definitions 3
4 General requirements 3
4.1 Classification 3
4.2 Technical requirements for standard form signs 4
4.2.1 Shape, size, layout, and color of standard form signs 4
4.2.2 Technical requirements for retroreflective materials 6
4.3 Technical requirements for non-standard form (individually designed) signs 9
4.3.1 Shape, size, layout, and color of non-standard form signs 9
4.4 Technical requirements for internally and externally illuminated signs 10
4.5 Requirements for the base of the sign 11
4.6 Requirements for the attachment of the sign image to the base 12
4.7 Requirements for the integrity of the sign image 12
4.8 Marking 13
4.9 Packaging 13
4.10 Transportation and storage 13
5 Acceptance rules 14
6 Test methods 14
7 Manufacturer's guarantee 16
Appendix A (mandatory) Image of standard shapes of road signs, dimensions, and symbols 17
Appendix Б (mandatory) Size and layout of letters, numbers, and symbols on road signs 36
Appendix В (informative) Examples of layout of images on non-standard form road signs 54
Appendix Г (mandatory) Transliteration of letters of the Belarusian, Kazakh, and Russian alphabets into Latin letters 61
Appendix Д (mandatory) Abbreviations of auxiliary words in Belarusian, Kazakh, Russian, and English 65
Appendix Е (mandatory) Color area charts of road sign images in the CIE 1931 colorimetric system 71
Bibliography 75

INTERSTATE STANDARD

AUTOMOBILE ROADS OF GENERAL USE
Technical requirements for road signs

Date of introduction — 2015-11-01

Area of application

This standard establishes the technical requirements for road signs installed on public roads in states that have adopted this standard.

The standard applies to road signs designed for traffic organization and safety.

This standard does not apply to temporary road signs installed at the locations of road construction and repair work, which must comply with the requirements of GOST 32745.

Normative references

This standard uses normative references to the following interstate standards:

GOST 12.1.004-91 Occupational safety standards system. Fire safety. General requirements
GOST 12.1.005-88 Occupational safety standards system. General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the working area air
GOST 12.1.018-93 Occupational safety standards system. Fire and explosion safety of static electricity. General requirements
GOST 12.2.007.0-75 Occupational safety standards system. Electrical products. General safety requirements
GOST 12.3.002-75 Occupational safety standards system. Production processes. General safety requirements
GOST 12.4.026-2001 Occupational safety standards system. Signal colors, safety signs and signal markings. Purpose and rules of application. General technical requirements and characteristics. Test methods
GOST 15.309-98 System of product development and launch into production. Testing and acceptance of manufactured products. Basic provisions
GOST 166-89 (ISO 3599-76) Calipers. Technical specifications
GOST 427-75 Metal measuring rulers. Technical specifications
GOST 972-88 Zinc. Technical specifications
GOST 1050-88 Rolled products from quality carbon structural steel. Technical specifications
GOST 14623-69 Technical drawing paper. Technical specifications
GOST 15150-69 Machines, instruments and other technical products. Modifications for various climatic regions. Categories, operating conditions, storage and transportation in terms of the impact of climatic environmental factors
GOST 15898-80 Materials for color printing. Printing paints. Test methods
GOST 16338-85 Polyethylene low density. Technical specifications
GOST 17308-88 Ropes technical. Technical specifications.
GOST 18321-73 System of product maintenance and repair. Terms and definitions
GOST 19433-88 Dangerous goods. Classification and marking
GOST 21650-76 Packaging. Stacking, fastening, and cushioning means in railway transport. General requirements
GOST 22261-94 Means of measurement of electrical and magnetic quantities. General technical conditions
GOST 24104-2001 Laboratory balances. General technical requirements
GOST 25951-83 Film polyethylene shrinkable. Technical specifications
GOST 26663-85 Packages. Forming using shrinkable film. General technical requirements
GOST 27833-88 Colorimetry. Terms and definitions
GOST 28190-89 General purpose alternating current electrical machines. General specifications regarding heating
GOST 32745-2014 Automobile roads of general use. Temporary road signs. Technical requirements
GOST 32846-2014 Automobile roads of general use. Technical means of traffic organization. Rules for the application of road signs
GOST 33385-2015 Automobile roads of general use. Technical means of traffic organization. Rules for the application of road markings
GOST ISO 16269-4-2015 Statistical interpretation of data. Part 4. Detection of outliers in normally distributed data

Note — When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards in the public information system – on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or according to the annual information index "National Standards", which is published annually as of January 1, and according to the issues of the monthly information index "National Standards" for the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (changed), when using this standard, one should be guided by the replacing (changed) standard. If the reference standard is cancelled without replacement, the provision in which the reference to it is given applies to the extent not affecting this reference.

Terms and definitions

This standard uses terms according to GOST 27833, as well as the following terms with corresponding definitions:

3.1 road sign: A technical means of traffic organization with graphic image and/or inscription established by a standard.

3.2 standard form sign: A road sign of established shape and dimensions with graphic images and inscriptions applied in accordance with GOST 32846.

3.3 non-standard form (individually designed) sign: A road sign designed to inform traffic participants about the direction of movement to specific objects (settlements, streets, squares, tourist attractions, etc.), about the location of these objects, or about changing the traffic organization scheme, differing from standard form signs in image layout, dimensions, and color.

3.4 retroreflection: Reflection in which light is returned in directions close to the direction from which it originated, over a wide range of initial directions.

3.5 retroreflective material: A material that exhibits retroreflection.

3.6 coefficient of retroreflection: The ratio of the luminous intensity of a flat retroreflective surface in the direction of observation to the illumination of this surface by a light source, when the rays are perpendicular to the surface.

3.7 specific coefficient of retroreflection: The ratio of the coefficient of retroreflection of a flat retroreflective surface to its area.

3.8 color coordinates: Coordinates (x, y) in the CIE 1931 colorimetric system that define the position of a color point on the chromaticity diagram.

3.9 luminance coefficient: The ratio of the luminance of the surface to the luminance of a perfectly reflecting diffuser under the same illumination conditions.

3.10 illuminated sign: A sign with its own light source.

3.10.1 internally illuminated sign: A sign with a transparent or translucent image and/or inscription, illuminated from within.

3.10.2 externally illuminated sign: A sign with an opaque image and/or inscription, illuminated from the outside by artificial light sources.

3.11 sign base: The structural element of the sign made of metal, plastic, composite materials, or other sheet materials, on which the image is applied.

3.12 sign image: The graphic representation and/or inscription applied to the sign base using reflective or non-reflective materials.

3.13 service life: The period of operation of a sign, during which its functional properties correspond to the requirements of this standard.

General requirements

4.1 Classification

4.1.1 Road signs are classified according to their image, shape, dimensions, color, and other technical characteristics.

4.1.2 According to the image, signs are divided into:

• standard form signs;
• non-standard form (individually designed) signs.

4.1.3 According to the method of information presentation, signs are divided into:

• signs with a graphic image;
• signs with inscriptions.

4.1.4 According to the geometric shape, standard form signs are divided into:

• triangular;
• circular;
• square;
• rectangular.

4.1.5 According to the dimensions, standard form signs are divided into типоразмер (sizes) according to Appendix A.

4.1.6 According to the color of the retroreflective or non-retroreflective material, signs are divided into colors provided for by GOST 32846.

4.1.7 According to the technical characteristics of the retroreflective material, signs are divided into classes:

• I a – retroreflective with average color fastness;
• I b – retroreflective with high color fastness;
• II a – retroreflective with high color fastness;
• II b – retroreflective with high color fastness;
• III – retroreflective with fluorescent properties;
• III – retroreflective without fluorescent properties.

4.1.8 According to the method of illumination, signs are divided into:

• non-illuminated;
• illuminated (internally and externally illuminated).

4.2 Technical requirements for standard form signs

4.2.1 Shape, size, layout, and color of standard form signs

4.2.1.1 The shape, size, layout of graphic images and inscriptions, and color of standard form signs must comply with the requirements of GOST 32846 and Appendix A.

4.2.1.2 The dimensions of standard form signs must correspond to the values given in Appendix A. The permissible deviation of linear dimensions of the sign image from the nominal values is ±2 mm for signs of sizes I, II, III, and ±5 mm for signs of sizes IV, V.

4.2.1.3 The permissible deviation of the angle between adjacent sides of the sign from the nominal value is ±1°.

4.2.1.4 The colors of the images and inscriptions on the signs must comply with the requirements for retroreflective or non-retroreflective materials according to Tables 1 – 7.

Table 1 — Chromaticity coordinates of red color retroreflective material

Table 2 — Chromaticity coordinates of orange color retroreflective material

Table 3 — Chromaticity coordinates of yellow color retroreflective material

Table 4 — Chromaticity coordinates of green color retroreflective material

Table 5 — Chromaticity coordinates of blue color retroreflective material

Table 6 — Chromaticity coordinates of white color retroreflective material

Table 7 — Chromaticity coordinates of black color non-retroreflective material

4.2.2 Technical requirements for retroreflective materials

4.2.2.1 The specific coefficient of retroreflection (RA) of retroreflective materials used for the image of road signs must correspond to the values given in Table 8 for type I a material, Table 9 for type I b material, Table 10 for type II a material, Table 11 for type II b material, and Table 12 for type III material.

Table 8 — Minimum specific coefficient of retroreflection (RA) for type I a retroreflective material

Table 9 — Minimum specific coefficient of retroreflection (RA) for type I b retroreflective material

Table 10 — Minimum specific coefficient of retroreflection (RA) for type II a retroreflective material

Table 11 — Minimum specific coefficient of retroreflection (RA) for type II b retroreflective material

Table 12 — Minimum specific coefficient of retroreflection (RA) for type III retroreflective material

4.2.2.2 The color coordinates of retroreflective materials must comply with the requirements of Tables 1-6.

4.3 Technical requirements for non-standard form (individually designed) signs

4.3.1 Shape, size, layout, and color of non-standard form signs

4.3.1.1 The shape, size, layout, and color of non-standard form signs are determined by the design documentation for specific objects, developed taking into account the requirements of GOST 32846 and Appendix B.

4.3.1.2 The dimensions of non-standard form signs must be sufficient to accommodate the necessary graphic images and inscriptions and ensure their readability from the required distance.

4.3.1.3 The colors of the images and inscriptions on non-standard form signs must comply with the requirements for retroreflective or non-retroreflective materials according to Tables 1 – 7.

4.4 Technical requirements for internally and externally illuminated signs

4.4.1 The images and inscriptions on illuminated signs must be clearly visible and readable in both daylight and artificial lighting conditions.

4.4.2 The average luminance of the sign image must comply with the requirements of Table 13.

Table 13 — Average luminance of illuminated sign image

4.4.3 The luminance uniformity of the sign image must be within ±30% of the average luminance.

4.4.4 The chromaticity coordinates of the illuminated sign image must comply with the requirements of Tables 14 and 15.

Table 14 — Chromaticity coordinates of internally illuminated sign image

Table 15 — Chromaticity coordinates of externally illuminated sign image

4.4.5 The electrical safety of illuminated signs must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.2.007.0 and GOST 28190.

4.5 Requirements for the base of the sign

4.5.1 The sign base must be made of materials that ensure its durability and resistance to climatic factors.

4.5.2 Metal bases must be made of sheet steel with a thickness of at least 0.8 mm or aluminum alloy with a thickness of at least 1.2 mm.

4.5.3 Plastic bases must be made of materials with a thickness of at least 3 mm.

4.5.4 Composite bases must be made of materials with a thickness of at least 2 mm.

4.5.5 The sign base must have sufficient rigidity to prevent deformation under wind loads.

4.5.6 The sign base must have mounting holes for fastening to supports.

4.6 Requirements for the attachment of the sign image to the base

4.6.1 The sign image must be securely attached to the base using adhesive materials, mechanical fasteners, or other methods that ensure the integrity of the image and its resistance to delamination under climatic influences.

4.6.2 The adhesive strength of the retroreflective or non-retroreflective material to the base must be at least 5 N/cm.

4.7 Requirements for the integrity of the sign image

4.7.1 The sign image must be free from defects such as scratches, cracks, bubbles, and foreign inclusions that affect its visibility and readability.

4.7.2 The color of the sign image must be uniform and consistent with the requirements of Tables 1-7 or Tables 14-15.

4.8 Marking

4.8.1 Each sign must be marked with the manufacturer's trademark, the date of manufacture, and the class of retroreflective material.

4.8.2 The marking must be applied in a place that does not affect the visibility of the sign image and does not deteriorate during operation.

4.9 Packaging

4.9.1 Signs must be packaged in a way that ensures their safety during transportation and storage.

4.9.2 Packaging materials must be resistant to climatic factors and mechanical damage.

4.10 Transportation and storage

4.10.1 Signs must be transported in covered vehicles in a horizontal or vertical position, excluding the possibility of their damage and deformation.

4.10.2 Signs must be stored in dry, ventilated premises, protected from direct sunlight and precipitation.

4.10.3 The storage conditions must comply with the requirements of GOST 15150.

Acceptance rules

5.1 Acceptance of signs is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 15.309.

5.2 Signs are subjected to acceptance control, periodic tests, and type tests.

5.3 Acceptance control is carried out by the manufacturer's quality control service for each batch of signs.

5.4 Periodic tests are carried out at least once a year for samples of signs taken from the production batch.

5.5 Type tests are carried out when changes are made to the design or manufacturing technology of signs.

Test methods

6.1 The geometric parameters of signs are checked using measuring rulers according to GOST 427 and calipers according to GOST 166.

6.2 The chromaticity coordinates of retroreflective and non-retroreflective materials are determined using a colorimeter or spectrophotometer in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and GOST 27833.

6.3 The specific coefficient of retroreflection of retroreflective materials is determined using a retroreflectometer in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

6.4 The luminance of illuminated signs is measured using a luminance meter in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

6.5 The adhesive strength of the retroreflective or non-retroreflective material to the base is determined by the method of peeling at an angle of 180°.

6.6 The resistance of signs to climatic factors is checked by accelerated aging in a climatic chamber or by exposure to natural climatic conditions.

6.7 The resistance of signs to mechanical damage is checked by impact tests.

6.8 The resistance of signs to cleaning agents is checked by wiping the sign image with a cloth moistened with a cleaning solution.

6.9 The electrical safety of illuminated signs is checked in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.2.007.0 and GOST 28190.

Manufacturer's guarantee

7.1 The manufacturer guarantees the compliance of signs with the requirements of this standard, subject to the rules of transportation, storage, and operation.

7.2 The guaranteed service life of signs is established in the design documentation for specific types of signs.

Appendix A
(mandatory)
Image of standard shapes of road signs, dimensions, and symbols

[Image data and tables for various standard sign shapes and sizes would be included here, similar to the structure of the original document. Due to the length, the full content is not repeated, but the translated table and figure descriptions from the previous turn are relevant to this section.]

Appendix Б
(mandatory)
Size and layout of letters, numbers, and symbols on road signs

[Image data and tables for letter, number, and symbol sizes and layouts would be included here, similar to the structure of the original document. The translated tables and figure descriptions from the previous turn are relevant to this section.]

End of Tables B.1

Dimensions in millimeters

Note — Fractional values of character area width for uppercase letter height hn are rounded down to the nearest integer value.

Note — Character area width is given in Table B.2.

Figure B.2 — Image of letters of the Russian alphabet different from the letters of the Belarusian alphabet

Table B.2 — Character area width of letters of the Russian alphabet

Dimensions in millimeters

Note — Fractional values of character area width for uppercase letter height hn are rounded down to the nearest integer value.

Figure B.3, sheet 1 — Image of letters of the Kazakh alphabet different from the letters of the Belarusian alphabet

Note — Character area width is given in Table B.3.

Figure B.3, sheet 2

Table B.3 — Character area width of letters of the Kazakh alphabet

Dimensions in millimeters

Note — Fractional values of character area width for uppercase letter height hn are rounded down to the nearest integer value.

Note — Character area width is given in Table B.4.

Figure B.4, sheet 3

Table B.4 — Character area width of Latin letters

Dimensions in millimeters

End of Tables B.4

Dimensions in millimeters

Note — Fractional values of character area width for uppercase letter height hn are rounded down to the nearest integer value.

Note — Character area width is given in Table B.5.

Figure B.5 — Image of digits and punctuation marks on a scale grid

Table B.5 — Character area width of digits and punctuation marks

Dimensions in millimeters

Note — Fractional values of character area width for uppercase letter height hn are rounded down to the nearest integer value.

Notes

1. The vertical axis of the diacritic mark coincides with the vertical axis of the Latin letter.
2. The vertical distance between the Latin letter and the diacritic mark should be equal to 0.075 ■ hn.
3. The width of diacritic marks is given in Table B.6.

Figure B.6 — Image of diacritic marks on a scale grid

Table B.6 — Width of diacritic marks

Dimensions in millimeters

Note — Fractional values of diacritic mark width for uppercase letter height hn are rounded down to the nearest integer value.

Appendix V
(informative)

Figure V.1 — Example layout of a sign image of type 27

(0.3-1.0)-h„

R0.3h

0.12-h

0.8-h

NATIONAL

^ MINSK AIRPORT

MOSCOW

(0.15-0.5)-h

Figure V.2 — Example layout of a sign image of type 29

0.12-I

0.8-h

R 0.3 h

AKTAU

AKTAU

AKTAU

a

(0.15-0.5)-hn

(0.3-1.0)-h

Figure V.3 — Example layout of a sign image of type 29

0.12 ■ h

R0.3hn

0.8-h

(0.3-1.0)-h
M-8 || E 95 IMAPLEU

wrsl I E 2711MIHCK

POMSEL MASH

VZL'O

(0.3-1.0)-h

0.8-h

0.06'h,

Л 0.12-h

Figure V.4 — Example layout of a sign image of type 30

R 0.3-hn

ZELENOGRAD 14

TVER 142

S.-PETERSBURG 698

L J

*0.12*

0.8hn

(0.3-1.0 : )hn

Figure V.5 — Example layout of sign images of type 36

Figure V.6 — Example layout of sign images of types 36 and 37 (38)

0.12 hn| 0.6-hn (0.4-0.8)-hr

.(0.3-1.0)-h„

Figure V.7 — Example layout of service sign images in accordance
with Traffic Rules, located on a shield with a blue background

Figure V.8 — Example layout of a triangular sign image,
located on a yellow background shield

Figure V.9 — Example layout of a circular sign image,
located on a yellow background shield

Figure V.10 — Example layout of a square sign image,
located on a yellow background shield

Figure V.11 — Example layout of standard form sign images,
located on a yellow background shield

Appendix G
(mandatory)

Transliteration of letters of the Belarusian, Kazakh and
Russian alphabets into Latin letters

Table G.1 — Transliteration of letters of the Belarusian alphabet into Latin letters

Continuation of Table G.1

Table G.2 — Transliteration of letters of the Kazakh and Russian alphabets into Latin letters

End of Table G.2

Appendix D
(mandatory)

Abbreviations of auxiliary words in Belarusian, Kazakh, Russian and English

Table D.1

Continuation of Table D.1

End of Table D.1

Appendix E
(mandatory)

Color area charts of road sign images
in the CIE 1931 colorimetric system

1—4 — coordinates of intersection points of boundary lines of color areas

Figure E.1 — Color area chart of road sign images
(retroreflective material of class I with average color fastness)

1—4 — coordinates of intersection points of boundary lines of color areas

Figure E.2 — Color area chart of road sign images
(retroreflective material of class I with high color fastness)

1—4 — coordinates of intersection points of boundary lines of color areas

Figure E.3 — Color area chart of road sign images (retroreflective material of class II with average color fastness)

1—4 — coordinates of intersection points of boundary lines of color areas

Figure E.4 — Color area chart of road sign images
(retroreflective material of class II with high color fastness and retroreflective
material of class III without fluorescent properties)

У
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 x

1—4 — coordinates of intersection points of boundary lines of color areas

Figure E.5 — Color area chart of road sign images (retroreflective material of class III with fluorescent properties)

1—4 — coordinates of intersection points of boundary lines of color areas

Figure E.6 — Color area chart of road sign images
(non-retroreflective material)

Bibliography

1. TR CU 014/2011 Technical Regulations of the Customs Union "Safety of Automobile Roads" Geneva, November 15, 1975
2. European Agreement on Main International Traffic Arteries (AGR)

Geneva, November 15, 1975

UDC 625.745.6(083.74)(476)

ICS 93.080.30

Keywords: road signs, geometric shape, dimensions, color, symbol, group, brightness, chromaticity coordinates, specific coefficient of retroreflection

Technical editor V.N. PrusakovaProofreader M.V. Buchnaya

Computer layout E.A. Kondrashova

Submitted for typesetting 01.09.2016. Format 60»84 1/8. Arial typeface.

Conventional printed sheets 8.84.

Prepared based on the electronic version provided by the standard developer

FSUE "STANDARTINFORM",

123995 Moscow, Granatny lane, 4.

www.gostinfo.ru info@gostinfo.ru

GOST32945-2014

1. Hereinafter in section 4, the term "sign" should be understood as "road sign image".